Golang写一个简单的键值存储系统

利用 golang 中的 map 数据结构写一个带超时限制的键值存储组件

包括功能说明

基础的增删改查

  • Set(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) : 新建立带时间限制的键值对,时间传0则不设置超时限制
  • SetDefault(k string, x interface{}):新建一个无超时的键值对
  • Add(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration):新增一个不存在的 键值对(判断是否存在该Key)
  • Replace(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration):替换 已经存在 键的值
  • Get(k string) (interface{}, bool):查询一个键值对
  • GetWithExpiration(k string) (interface{}, time.Time, bool): 查询该键对应的 值,过期时间,是否存在 (不存在则不再返回超时时间和值)
  • Delete(k string): 删除键值
  • DeleteExpired(): 删除所有 超时的 键值
  • Flush() : 清楚所有键值对。(包括超时和未超时的所有)

额外功能:

  • OnEvicted(f func(string, interface{})):删除 键值对后 做一些回调事件
  • Items() map[string]Item :返回所有未超时的 副本键值
  • ItemCount() int: 返回对应所有的键值总数(包括超时的)
  • Increment(k string, n int64): 对存在的键的值,做增加操作
  • Decrement(k string, n int64):对存在的键的值,做减法操作

带超时时间限制

  • 每个键值对可以设置对应的超时限制,如果没设置,或者设置为0,表示不做超时处理。

  • 查询时,如果已经超过了设置的时间,则不再返回。

  • 超时了的键值对,需要调用方法进行清理。


功能实现

map 并发安全问题:

在 go 语言中数据类型中的 map 并不是并发安全的,多次读读写写时会出现数据冲突问题。

然而在 go1.9 开始官方出现了 sync.Map 这个利器。

sync.Map 内部原理实现其实采用 lock free 利用两个数据结构 read (读写)和 dirty (删除), 以及 CAS (原子操作比较替换),状态替换等。实现了较为高效的且为并发安全的 map。

所以本篇也是主要利用 sync.Map 进行键值存储设计。

首先来看看数据结构的设计

type Item struct {
	Object     interface{}  // value具体的值数据
	Expiration int64        // 超时时间戳
}


type Cache struct {
	*cache
	// If this is confusing, see the comment at the bottom of New()
}

type janitor struct { // 用户组件的初始化启动停止
	Interval time.Duration
	stop     chan bool
}

type cache struct {
	defaultExpiration time.Duration // 默认超时时间设置
	items             map[string]Item
	mu                sync.RWMutex
	ma                sync.Map
	onEvicted         func(string, interface{})
	janitor           *janitor
}

对于超时限制的处理:

  • Set时,建立超时字段存入即可,如下:
func (c *cache) Set(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) {
	var e int64
	if d == DefaultExpiration {
		d = c.defaultExpiration
	}
	if d > 0 {
		e = time.Now().Add(d).UnixNano() // 加入超时限制,取未来(传入的超时时间段)某一点的时间戳
	}

	item := Item{
		Object:     x,
		Expiration: e,
	}
	c.ma.Store(k, item) // 利用sync.map进行并发安全的存储
}
  • Get 时进行函数内置的超时判断:
// Get an item from the cache. Returns the item or nil, and a bool indicating
// whether the key was found.
// 获取键值对应的值,内置判断是否超时
func (c *cache) Get(k string) (interface{}, bool) {
	item, found := c.ma.Load(k)
	if !found {
		return nil, false
	}

	if item.(Item).Expiration > 0 {   // 判断是否设置超时
		if time.Now().UnixNano() > item.(Item).Expiration {
			return nil, false         // 判断超时即返回nil
		}
	}
	return item.(Item).Object, true
}

代码展示

相关代码如下:

仅做参考,可自由摄取扩展等。如有雷同纯属借鉴~

package cache

import (
	"encoding/gob"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"runtime"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Item struct {
	Object     interface{}
	Expiration int64
}

// Returns true if the item has expired.
func (item Item) Expired() bool {
	if item.Expiration == 0 {
		return false
	}
	return time.Now().UnixNano() > item.Expiration
}

const (
	// For use with functions that take an expiration time.
	NoExpiration time.Duration = -1
	// For use with functions that take an expiration time. Equivalent to
	// passing in the same expiration duration as was given to New() or
	// NewFrom() when the cache was created (e.g. 5 minutes.)
	DefaultExpiration time.Duration = 0
)

type Cache struct {
	*cache
	// If this is confusing, see the comment at the bottom of New()
}

type cache struct {
	defaultExpiration time.Duration
	items             map[string]Item
	mu                sync.RWMutex
	ma                sync.Map
	onEvicted         func(string, interface{})
	janitor           *janitor
}

// Add an item to the cache, replacing any existing item. If the duration is 0
// (DefaultExpiration), the cache's default expiration time is used. If it is -1
// (NoExpiration), the item never expires.
func (c *cache) Set(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) {
	var e int64
	if d == DefaultExpiration {
		d = c.defaultExpiration
	}
	if d > 0 {
		e = time.Now().Add(d).UnixNano()
	}

	item := Item{
		Object:     x,
		Expiration: e,
	}
	c.ma.Store(k, item)
}

func (c *cache) set(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) {
	var e int64
	if d == DefaultExpiration {
		d = c.defaultExpiration
	}
	if d > 0 {
		e = time.Now().Add(d).UnixNano()
	}

	item := Item{
		Object:     x,
		Expiration: e,
	}
	c.ma.Store(k, item)
}

// Add an item to the cache, replacing any existing item, using the default
// expiration.
func (c *cache) SetDefault(k string, x interface{}) {
	c.Set(k, x, DefaultExpiration)
}

// Add an item to the cache only if an item doesn't already exist for the given
// key, or if the existing item has expired. Returns an error otherwise.
// 新增一个不存在的 键值对(判断是否存在该Key)
func (c *cache) Add(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) error {
	_, found := c.get(k)
	if found {
		return fmt.Errorf("Item %s already exists", k)
	}
	c.set(k, x, d)
	return nil
}

// Set a new value for the cache key only if it already exists, and the existing
// item hasn't expired. Returns an error otherwise.
// 替换 已经存在的 键的值
func (c *cache) Replace(k string, x interface{}, d time.Duration) error {
	_, found := c.get(k)
	if !found {
		return fmt.Errorf("Item %s doesn't exist", k)
	}
	c.set(k, x, d)
	return nil
}

// Get an item from the cache. Returns the item or nil, and a bool indicating
// whether the key was found.
// 获取键值对应的值,内置判断是否超时
func (c *cache) Get(k string) (interface{}, bool) {
	item, found := c.ma.Load(k)
	if !found {
		return nil, false
	}

	if item.(Item).Expiration > 0 {
		if time.Now().UnixNano() > item.(Item).Expiration {
			return nil, false
		}
	}
	return item.(Item).Object, true
}

// GetWithExpiration returns an item and its expiration time from the cache.
// It returns the item or nil, the expiration time if one is set (if the item
// never expires a zero value for time.Time is returned), and a bool indicating
// whether the key was found.
// 返回该键对应值,过期时间,是否存在 (不存在则不再返回超时时间和值)
func (c *cache) GetWithExpiration(k string) (interface{}, time.Time, bool) {
	// "Inlining" of get and Expired
	item, found := c.ma.Load(k)
	if !found {
		return nil, time.Time{}, false
	}

	if item.(Item).Expiration > 0 {
		if time.Now().UnixNano() > item.(Item).Expiration {
			return nil, time.Time{}, false
		}

		// Return the item and the expiration time
		return item.(Item).Object, time.Unix(0, item.(Item).Expiration), true
	}

	// If expiration <= 0 (i.e. no expiration time set) then return the item
	// and a zeroed time.Time
	return item.(Item).Object, time.Time{}, true
}

func (c *cache) get(k string) (interface{}, bool) {
	item, found := c.ma.Load(k)
	//item, found := c.items[k]
	if !found {
		return nil, false
	}

	// "Inlining" of Expired
	if item.(Item).Expiration > 0 {
		if time.Now().UnixNano() > item.(Item).Expiration {
			return nil, false
		}
	}
	return item.(Item).Object, true
}

// Increment an item of type int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uintptr, uint,
// uint8, uint32, or uint64, float32 or float64 by n. Returns an error if the
// item's value is not an integer, if it was not found, or if it is not
// possible to increment it by n. To retrieve the incremented value, use one
// of the specialized methods, e.g. IncrementInt64.
func (c *cache) Increment(k string, n int64) error {
	c.mu.Lock()
	v, found := c.items[k]
	if !found || v.Expired() {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return fmt.Errorf("Item %s not found", k)
	}
	switch v.Object.(type) {
	case int:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int) + int(n)
	case int8:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int8) + int8(n)
	case int16:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int16) + int16(n)
	case int32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int32) + int32(n)
	case int64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int64) + n
	case uint:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint) + uint(n)
	case uintptr:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uintptr) + uintptr(n)
	case uint8:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint8) + uint8(n)
	case uint16:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint16) + uint16(n)
	case uint32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint32) + uint32(n)
	case uint64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint64) + uint64(n)
	case float32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(float32) + float32(n)
	case float64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(float64) + float64(n)
	default:
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return fmt.Errorf("The value for %s is not an integer", k)
	}
	c.items[k] = v
	c.mu.Unlock()
	return nil
}

// Decrement an item of type int, int8, int16, int32, int64, uintptr, uint,
// uint8, uint32, or uint64, float32 or float64 by n. Returns an error if the
// item's value is not an integer, if it was not found, or if it is not
// possible to decrement it by n. To retrieve the decremented value, use one
// of the specialized methods, e.g. DecrementInt64.
func (c *cache) Decrement(k string, n int64) error {
	// TODO: Implement Increment and Decrement more cleanly.
	// (Cannot do Increment(k, n*-1) for uints.)
	c.mu.Lock()
	v, found := c.items[k]
	if !found || v.Expired() {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return fmt.Errorf("Item not found")
	}
	switch v.Object.(type) {
	case int:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int) - int(n)
	case int8:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int8) - int8(n)
	case int16:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int16) - int16(n)
	case int32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int32) - int32(n)
	case int64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(int64) - n
	case uint:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint) - uint(n)
	case uintptr:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uintptr) - uintptr(n)
	case uint8:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint8) - uint8(n)
	case uint16:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint16) - uint16(n)
	case uint32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint32) - uint32(n)
	case uint64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(uint64) - uint64(n)
	case float32:
		v.Object = v.Object.(float32) - float32(n)
	case float64:
		v.Object = v.Object.(float64) - float64(n)
	default:
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return fmt.Errorf("The value for %s is not an integer", k)
	}
	c.items[k] = v
	c.mu.Unlock()
	return nil
}

// Delete an item from the cache. Does nothing if the key is not in the cache.
func (c *cache) Delete(k string) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	v, evicted := c.delete(k)
	c.mu.Unlock()
	if evicted {
		c.onEvicted(k, v) // 给入具体参数,开始调用  func(string, interface{})
	}
}

func (c *cache) delete(k string) (interface{}, bool) {
	if c.onEvicted != nil {
		if v, found := c.ma.Load(k); found {
			c.ma.Delete(k)
			return v.(Item).Object, true
		}
	}

	c.ma.Delete(k)
	return nil, false
}

type keyAndValue struct {
	key   string
	value interface{}
}

// Delete all expired items from the cache.
// 删除所有 超时的 键值
func (c *cache) DeleteExpired() {
	var evictedItems []keyAndValue
	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
	c.ma.Range(func(k, v interface{}) bool {
		if v.(Item).Expiration > 0 && now > v.(Item).Expiration {
			ov, evicted := c.delete(k.(string))
			if evicted {
				evictedItems = append(evictedItems, keyAndValue{k.(string), ov})
			}
		}
		return true
	})

	for _, v := range evictedItems {
		c.onEvicted(v.key, v.value)
	}
}

// Sets an (optional) function that is called with the key and value when an
// item is evicted from the cache. (Including when it is deleted manually, but
// not when it is overwritten.) Set to nil to disable.
// 删除 键值对后 做一些回调事件
func (c *cache) OnEvicted(f func(string, interface{})) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	c.onEvicted = f
	c.mu.Unlock()
}

// Write the cache's items (using Gob) to an io.Writer.
//
// NOTE: This method is deprecated in favor of c.Items() and NewFrom() (see the
// documentation for NewFrom().)
func (c *cache) Save(w io.Writer) (err error) {
	enc := gob.NewEncoder(w)
	defer func() {
		if x := recover(); x != nil {
			err = fmt.Errorf("Error registering item types with Gob library")
		}
	}()
	c.mu.RLock()
	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
	for _, v := range c.items {
		gob.Register(v.Object)
	}
	err = enc.Encode(&c.items)
	return
}

// Save the cache's items to the given filename, creating the file if it
// doesn't exist, and overwriting it if it does.
//
// NOTE: This method is deprecated in favor of c.Items() and NewFrom() (see the
// documentation for NewFrom().)
func (c *cache) SaveFile(fname string) error {
	fp, err := os.Create(fname)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = c.Save(fp)
	if err != nil {
		fp.Close()
		return err
	}
	return fp.Close()
}

// Add (Gob-serialized) cache items from an io.Reader, excluding any items with
// keys that already exist (and haven't expired) in the current cache.
//
// NOTE: This method is deprecated in favor of c.Items() and NewFrom() (see the
// documentation for NewFrom().)
func (c *cache) Load(r io.Reader) error {
	dec := gob.NewDecoder(r)
	items := map[string]Item{}
	err := dec.Decode(&items)
	if err == nil {
		c.mu.Lock()
		defer c.mu.Unlock()
		for k, v := range items {
			ov, found := c.items[k]
			if !found || ov.Expired() {
				c.items[k] = v
			}
		}
	}
	return err
}

// Load and add cache items from the given filename, excluding any items with
// keys that already exist in the current cache.
//
// NOTE: This method is deprecated in favor of c.Items() and NewFrom() (see the
// documentation for NewFrom().)
func (c *cache) LoadFile(fname string) error {
	fp, err := os.Open(fname)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = c.Load(fp)
	if err != nil {
		fp.Close()
		return err
	}
	return fp.Close()
}

// Copies all unexpired items in the cache into a new map and returns it.
// 返回所有未超时的 副本键值
func (c *cache) Items() map[string]Item {
	m := make(map[string]Item, c.ItemCount())
	now := time.Now().UnixNano()
	c.ma.Range(func(key, v interface{}) bool {
		if v.(Item).Expiration > 0 {
			if now <= v.(Item).Expiration {
				m[key.(string)] = v.(Item)
			}
		}
		return true
	})
	return m
}

// Returns the number of items in the cache. This may include items that have
// expired, but have not yet been cleaned up.
func (c *cache) ItemCount() int {
	count := 0
	c.ma.Range(func(key, _ interface{}) bool {
		count++
		return true
	})
	return count
}

// Delete all items from the cache.
func (c *cache) Flush() {
	c.ma.Range(func(k, _ interface{}) bool {
		c.ma.Delete(k)
		return true
	})
}

type janitor struct {
	Interval time.Duration
	stop     chan bool
}

// 关于如何初始化并启动该组件函数:
func (j *janitor) Run(c *cache) {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(j.Interval)
	for {
		select {
		case <-ticker.C:
			c.DeleteExpired()
		case <-j.stop:
			ticker.Stop()
			return
		}
	}
}

func stopJanitor(c *Cache) {
	c.janitor.stop <- true
}

func runJanitor(c *cache, ci time.Duration) {
	j := &janitor{
		Interval: ci,
		stop:     make(chan bool),
	}
	c.janitor = j
	go j.Run(c)
}

func newCache(de time.Duration, m map[string]Item) *cache {
	if de == 0 {
		de = -1
	}
	c := &cache{
		defaultExpiration: de,
		items:             m,
	}
	return c
}

func newCacheWithJanitor(de time.Duration, ci time.Duration, m map[string]Item) *Cache {
	c := newCache(de, m)
	// This trick ensures that the janitor goroutine (which--granted it
	// was enabled--is running DeleteExpired on c forever) does not keep
	// the returned C object from being garbage collected. When it is
	// garbage collected, the finalizer stops the janitor goroutine, after
	// which c can be collected.
	C := &Cache{c}
	if ci > 0 {
		runJanitor(c, ci)
		runtime.SetFinalizer(C, stopJanitor)
	}
	return C
}

// Return a new cache with a given default expiration duration and cleanup
// interval. If the expiration duration is less than one (or NoExpiration),
// the items in the cache never expire (by default), and must be deleted
// manually. If the cleanup interval is less than one, expired items are not
// deleted from the cache before calling c.DeleteExpired().
func New(defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval time.Duration) *Cache {
	items := make(map[string]Item)
	return newCacheWithJanitor(defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval, items)
}

// Return a new cache with a given default expiration duration and cleanup
// interval. If the expiration duration is less than one (or NoExpiration),
// the items in the cache never expire (by default), and must be deleted
// manually. If the cleanup interval is less than one, expired items are not
// deleted from the cache before calling c.DeleteExpired().
//
// NewFrom() also accepts an items map which will serve as the underlying map
// for the cache. This is useful for starting from a deserialized cache
// (serialized using e.g. gob.Encode() on c.Items()), or passing in e.g.
// make(map[string]Item, 500) to improve startup performance when the cache
// is expected to reach a certain minimum size.
//
// Only the cache's methods synchronize access to this map, so it is not
// recommended to keep any references to the map around after creating a cache.
// If need be, the map can be accessed at a later point using c.Items() (subject
// to the same caveat.)
//
// Note regarding serialization: When using e.g. gob, make sure to
// gob.Register() the individual types stored in the cache before encoding a
// map retrieved with c.Items(), and to register those same types before
// decoding a blob containing an items map.
func NewFrom(defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval time.Duration, items map[string]Item) *Cache {
	return newCacheWithJanitor(defaultExpiration, cleanupInterval, items)
}

测试代码:

package cache

import (
	"bytes"
	"io/ioutil"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

type TestStruct struct {
	Num      int
	Children []*TestStruct
}

func TestCache(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)

	a, found := tc.Get("a")
	if found || a != nil {
		t.Error("Getting A found value that shouldn't exist:", a)
	}

	b, found := tc.Get("b")
	if found || b != nil {
		t.Error("Getting B found value that shouldn't exist:", b)
	}

	c, found := tc.Get("c")
	if found || c != nil {
		t.Error("Getting C found value that shouldn't exist:", c)
	}

	tc.Set("a", 1, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("b", "b", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("c", 3.5, DefaultExpiration)

	x, found := tc.Get("a")
	if !found {
		t.Error("a was not found while getting a2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for a is nil")
	} else if a2 := x.(int); a2+2 != 3 {
		t.Error("a2 (which should be 1) plus 2 does not equal 3; value:", a2)
	}

	x, found = tc.Get("b")
	if !found {
		t.Error("b was not found while getting b2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for b is nil")
	} else if b2 := x.(string); b2+"B" != "bB" {
		t.Error("b2 (which should be b) plus B does not equal bB; value:", b2)
	}

	x, found = tc.Get("c")
	if !found {
		t.Error("c was not found while getting c2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for c is nil")
	} else if c2 := x.(float64); c2+1.2 != 4.7 {
		t.Error("c2 (which should be 3.5) plus 1.2 does not equal 4.7; value:", c2)
	}
}

func TestCacheTimes(t *testing.T) {
	var found bool

	tc := New(50*time.Millisecond, 1*time.Millisecond)
	tc.Set("a", 1, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("b", 2, NoExpiration)
	tc.Set("c", 3, 20*time.Millisecond)
	tc.Set("d", 4, 70*time.Millisecond)

	<-time.After(25 * time.Millisecond)
	_, found = tc.Get("c")
	if found {
		t.Error("Found c when it should have been automatically deleted")
	}

	<-time.After(30 * time.Millisecond)
	_, found = tc.Get("a")
	if found {
		t.Error("Found a when it should have been automatically deleted")
	}

	_, found = tc.Get("b")
	if !found {
		t.Error("Did not find b even though it was set to never expire")
	}

	_, found = tc.Get("d")
	if !found {
		t.Error("Did not find d even though it was set to expire later than the default")
	}

	<-time.After(20 * time.Millisecond)
	_, found = tc.Get("d")
	if found {
		t.Error("Found d when it should have been automatically deleted (later than the default)")
	}
}

func TestNewFrom(t *testing.T) {
	m := map[string]Item{
		"a": Item{
			Object:     1,
			Expiration: 0,
		},
		"b": Item{
			Object:     2,
			Expiration: 0,
		},
	}
	tc := NewFrom(DefaultExpiration, 0, m)
	a, found := tc.Get("a")
	if !found {
		t.Fatal("Did not find a")
	}
	if a.(int) != 1 {
		t.Fatal("a is not 1")
	}
	b, found := tc.Get("b")
	if !found {
		t.Fatal("Did not find b")
	}
	if b.(int) != 2 {
		t.Fatal("b is not 2")
	}
}

func TestStorePointerToStruct(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", &TestStruct{Num: 1}, DefaultExpiration)
	x, found := tc.Get("foo")
	if !found {
		t.Fatal("*TestStruct was not found for foo")
	}
	foo := x.(*TestStruct)
	foo.Num++

	y, found := tc.Get("foo")
	if !found {
		t.Fatal("*TestStruct was not found for foo (second time)")
	}
	bar := y.(*TestStruct)
	if bar.Num != 2 {
		t.Fatal("TestStruct.Num is not 2")
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithInt(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tint", 1, DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tint", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tint")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tint was not found")
	}
	if x.(int) != 3 {
		t.Error("tint is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithInt8(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tint8", int8(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tint8", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tint8")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tint8 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int8) != 3 {
		t.Error("tint8 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithInt16(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tint16", int16(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tint16", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tint16")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tint16 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int16) != 3 {
		t.Error("tint16 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithInt32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tint32", int32(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tint32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tint32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tint32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int32) != 3 {
		t.Error("tint32 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithInt64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tint64", int64(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tint64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tint64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tint64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int64) != 3 {
		t.Error("tint64 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUint(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuint", uint(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuint", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tuint")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuint was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuint is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUintptr(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuintptr", uintptr(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuintptr", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}

	x, found := tc.Get("tuintptr")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuintptr was not found")
	}
	if x.(uintptr) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuintptr is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUint8(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuint8", uint8(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuint8", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tuint8")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuint8 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint8) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuint8 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUint16(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuint16", uint16(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuint16", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}

	x, found := tc.Get("tuint16")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuint16 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint16) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuint16 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUint32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuint32", uint32(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuint32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("tuint32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuint32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint32) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuint32 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithUint64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("tuint64", uint64(1), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("tuint64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}

	x, found := tc.Get("tuint64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("tuint64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint64) != 3 {
		t.Error("tuint64 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithFloat32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("float32", float32(1.5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("float32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("float32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("float32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(float32) != 3.5 {
		t.Error("float32 is not 3.5:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementWithFloat64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("float64", float64(1.5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("float64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("float64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("float64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(float64) != 3.5 {
		t.Error("float64 is not 3.5:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithInt(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int", int(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("int", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("int")
	if !found {
		t.Error("int was not found")
	}
	if x.(int) != 3 {
		t.Error("int is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithInt8(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int8", int8(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("int8", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("int8")
	if !found {
		t.Error("int8 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int8) != 3 {
		t.Error("int8 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithInt16(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int16", int16(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("int16", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("int16")
	if !found {
		t.Error("int16 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int16) != 3 {
		t.Error("int16 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithInt32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int32", int32(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("int32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("int32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("int32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int32) != 3 {
		t.Error("int32 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithInt64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int64", int64(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("int64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("int64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("int64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(int64) != 3 {
		t.Error("int64 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUint(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint", uint(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uint")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uint was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint) != 3 {
		t.Error("uint is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUintptr(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uintptr", uintptr(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uintptr", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uintptr")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uintptr was not found")
	}
	if x.(uintptr) != 3 {
		t.Error("uintptr is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUint8(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint8", uint8(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint8", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uint8")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uint8 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint8) != 3 {
		t.Error("uint8 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUint16(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint16", uint16(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint16", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uint16")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uint16 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint16) != 3 {
		t.Error("uint16 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUint32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint32", uint32(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uint32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uint32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint32) != 3 {
		t.Error("uint32 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithUint64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint64", uint64(5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("uint64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("uint64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(uint64) != 3 {
		t.Error("uint64 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithFloat32(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("float32", float32(5.5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("float32", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("float32")
	if !found {
		t.Error("float32 was not found")
	}
	if x.(float32) != 3.5 {
		t.Error("float32 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestDecrementWithFloat64(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("float64", float64(5.5), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("float64", 2)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing:", err)
	}
	x, found := tc.Get("float64")
	if !found {
		t.Error("float64 was not found")
	}
	if x.(float64) != 3.5 {
		t.Error("float64 is not 3:", x)
	}
}

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	err := tc.Add("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Couldn't add foo even though it shouldn't exist")
	}
	err = tc.Add("foo", "baz", DefaultExpiration)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("Successfully added another foo when it should have returned an error")
	}
}

func TestReplace(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	err := tc.Replace("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	if err == nil {
		t.Error("Replaced foo when it shouldn't exist")
	}
	tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	err = tc.Replace("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Couldn't replace existing key foo")
	}
}

func TestDelete(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Delete("foo")
	x, found := tc.Get("foo")
	if found {
		t.Error("foo was found, but it should have been deleted")
	}
	if x != nil {
		t.Error("x is not nil:", x)
	}
}

func TestItemCount(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", "1", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("bar", "2", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("baz", "3", DefaultExpiration)
	if n := tc.ItemCount(); n != 3 {
		t.Errorf("Item count is not 3: %d", n)
	}
}

func TestFlush(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("baz", "yes", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Flush()
	x, found := tc.Get("foo")
	if found {
		t.Error("foo was found, but it should have been deleted")
	}
	if x != nil {
		t.Error("x is not nil:", x)
	}
	x, found = tc.Get("baz")
	if found {
		t.Error("baz was found, but it should have been deleted")
	}
	if x != nil {
		t.Error("x is not nil:", x)
	}
}

func TestIncrementOverflowInt(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("int8", int8(127), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("int8", 1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing int8:", err)
	}
	x, _ := tc.Get("int8")
	int8 := x.(int8)
	if int8 != -128 {
		t.Error("int8 did not overflow as expected; value:", int8)
	}

}

func TestIncrementOverflowUint(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint8", uint8(255), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Increment("uint8", 1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error incrementing int8:", err)
	}
	x, _ := tc.Get("uint8")
	uint8 := x.(uint8)
	if uint8 != 0 {
		t.Error("uint8 did not overflow as expected; value:", uint8)
	}
}

func TestDecrementUnderflowUint(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("uint8", uint8(0), DefaultExpiration)
	err := tc.Decrement("uint8", 1)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error("Error decrementing int8:", err)
	}
	x, _ := tc.Get("uint8")
	uint8 := x.(uint8)
	if uint8 != 255 {
		t.Error("uint8 did not underflow as expected; value:", uint8)
	}
}

func TestOnEvicted(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", 3, DefaultExpiration)
	if tc.onEvicted != nil {
		t.Fatal("tc.onEvicted is not nil")
	}
	works := false
	tc.OnEvicted(func(k string, v interface{}) {
		if k == "foo" && v.(int) == 3 {
			works = true
		}
		tc.Set("bar", 4, DefaultExpiration)
	})
	tc.Delete("foo")
	x, _ := tc.Get("bar")
	if !works {
		t.Error("works bool not true")
	}
	if x.(int) != 4 {
		t.Error("bar was not 4")
	}
}

func TestCacheSerialization(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	testFillAndSerialize(t, tc)

	// Check if gob.Register behaves properly even after multiple gob.Register
	// on c.Items (many of which will be the same type)
	testFillAndSerialize(t, tc)
}

func testFillAndSerialize(t *testing.T, tc *Cache) {
	tc.Set("a", "a", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("b", "b", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("c", "c", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("expired", "foo", 1*time.Millisecond)
	tc.Set("*struct", &TestStruct{Num: 1}, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("[]struct", []TestStruct{
		{Num: 2},
		{Num: 3},
	}, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("[]*struct", []*TestStruct{
		&TestStruct{Num: 4},
		&TestStruct{Num: 5},
	}, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("structception", &TestStruct{
		Num: 42,
		Children: []*TestStruct{
			&TestStruct{Num: 6174},
			&TestStruct{Num: 4716},
		},
	}, DefaultExpiration)

	fp := &bytes.Buffer{}
	err := tc.Save(fp)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Couldn't save cache to fp:", err)
	}

	oc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	err = oc.Load(fp)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Couldn't load cache from fp:", err)
	}

	a, found := oc.Get("a")
	if !found {
		t.Error("a was not found")
	}
	if a.(string) != "a" {
		t.Error("a is not a")
	}

	b, found := oc.Get("b")
	if !found {
		t.Error("b was not found")
	}
	if b.(string) != "b" {
		t.Error("b is not b")
	}

	c, found := oc.Get("c")
	if !found {
		t.Error("c was not found")
	}
	if c.(string) != "c" {
		t.Error("c is not c")
	}

	<-time.After(5 * time.Millisecond)
	_, found = oc.Get("expired")
	if found {
		t.Error("expired was found")
	}

	s1, found := oc.Get("*struct")
	if !found {
		t.Error("*struct was not found")
	}
	if s1.(*TestStruct).Num != 1 {
		t.Error("*struct.Num is not 1")
	}

	s2, found := oc.Get("[]struct")
	if !found {
		t.Error("[]struct was not found")
	}
	s2r := s2.([]TestStruct)
	if len(s2r) != 2 {
		t.Error("Length of s2r is not 2")
	}
	if s2r[0].Num != 2 {
		t.Error("s2r[0].Num is not 2")
	}
	if s2r[1].Num != 3 {
		t.Error("s2r[1].Num is not 3")
	}

	s3, found := oc.get("[]*struct")
	if !found {
		t.Error("[]*struct was not found")
	}
	s3r := s3.([]*TestStruct)
	if len(s3r) != 2 {
		t.Error("Length of s3r is not 2")
	}
	if s3r[0].Num != 4 {
		t.Error("s3r[0].Num is not 4")
	}
	if s3r[1].Num != 5 {
		t.Error("s3r[1].Num is not 5")
	}

	s4, found := oc.get("structception")
	if !found {
		t.Error("structception was not found")
	}
	s4r := s4.(*TestStruct)
	if len(s4r.Children) != 2 {
		t.Error("Length of s4r.Children is not 2")
	}
	if s4r.Children[0].Num != 6174 {
		t.Error("s4r.Children[0].Num is not 6174")
	}
	if s4r.Children[1].Num != 4716 {
		t.Error("s4r.Children[1].Num is not 4716")
	}
}

func TestFileSerialization(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	tc.Add("a", "a", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Add("b", "b", DefaultExpiration)
	f, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "go-cache-cache.dat")
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Couldn't create cache file:", err)
	}
	fname := f.Name()
	f.Close()
	tc.SaveFile(fname)

	oc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	oc.Add("a", "aa", 0) // this should not be overwritten
	err = oc.LoadFile(fname)
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}
	a, found := oc.Get("a")
	if !found {
		t.Error("a was not found")
	}
	astr := a.(string)
	if astr != "aa" {
		if astr == "a" {
			t.Error("a was overwritten")
		} else {
			t.Error("a is not aa")
		}
	}
	b, found := oc.Get("b")
	if !found {
		t.Error("b was not found")
	}
	if b.(string) != "b" {
		t.Error("b is not b")
	}
}

func TestSerializeUnserializable(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	ch := make(chan bool, 1)
	ch <- true
	tc.Set("chan", ch, DefaultExpiration)
	fp := &bytes.Buffer{}
	err := tc.Save(fp) // this should fail gracefully
	if err.Error() != "gob NewTypeObject can't handle type: chan bool" {
		t.Error("Error from Save was not gob NewTypeObject can't handle type chan bool:", err)
	}
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGet(b, 5*time.Minute)
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetNotExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGet(b, NoExpiration)
}

func benchmarkCacheGet(b *testing.B, exp time.Duration) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(exp, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		tc.Get("foo")
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexMapGet(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[string]string{
		"foo": "bar",
	}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.RLock()
		_, _ = m["foo"]
		mu.RUnlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexInterfaceMapGetStruct(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	s := struct{ name string }{name: "foo"}
	m := map[interface{}]string{
		s: "bar",
	}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.RLock()
		_, _ = m[s]
		mu.RUnlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexInterfaceMapGetString(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[interface{}]string{
		"foo": "bar",
	}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.RLock()
		_, _ = m["foo"]
		mu.RUnlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetConcurrentExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGetConcurrent(b, 5*time.Minute)
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetConcurrentNotExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGetConcurrent(b, NoExpiration)
}

func benchmarkCacheGetConcurrent(b *testing.B, exp time.Duration) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(exp, 0)
	tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
	workers := runtime.NumCPU()
	each := b.N / workers
	wg.Add(workers)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
		go func() {
			for j := 0; j < each; j++ {
				tc.Get("foo")
			}
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexMapGetConcurrent(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[string]string{
		"foo": "bar",
	}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
	workers := runtime.NumCPU()
	each := b.N / workers
	wg.Add(workers)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
		go func() {
			for j := 0; j < each; j++ {
				mu.RLock()
				_, _ = m["foo"]
				mu.RUnlock()
			}
			wg.Done()
		}()
	}
	wg.Wait()
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetManyConcurrentExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGetManyConcurrent(b, 5*time.Minute)
}

func BenchmarkCacheGetManyConcurrentNotExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheGetManyConcurrent(b, NoExpiration)
}

func benchmarkCacheGetManyConcurrent(b *testing.B, exp time.Duration) {
	// This is the same as BenchmarkCacheGetConcurrent, but its result
	// can be compared against BenchmarkShardedCacheGetManyConcurrent
	// in sharded_test.go.
	b.StopTimer()
	n := 10000
	tc := New(exp, 0)
	keys := make([]string, n)
	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
		k := "foo" + strconv.Itoa(i)
		keys[i] = k
		tc.Set(k, "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	}
	each := b.N / n
	wg := new(sync.WaitGroup)
	wg.Add(n)
	for _, v := range keys {
		go func(k string) {
			for j := 0; j < each; j++ {
				tc.Get(k)
			}
			wg.Done()
		}(v)
	}
	b.StartTimer()
	wg.Wait()
}

func BenchmarkCacheSetExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheSet(b, 5*time.Minute)
}

func BenchmarkCacheSetNotExpiring(b *testing.B) {
	benchmarkCacheSet(b, NoExpiration)
}

func benchmarkCacheSet(b *testing.B, exp time.Duration) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(exp, 0)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexMapSet(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[string]string{}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.Lock()
		m["foo"] = "bar"
		mu.Unlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkCacheSetDelete(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		tc.Set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
		tc.Delete("foo")
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexMapSetDelete(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[string]string{}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.Lock()
		m["foo"] = "bar"
		mu.Unlock()
		mu.Lock()
		delete(m, "foo")
		mu.Unlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkCacheSetDeleteSingleLock(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		tc.mu.Lock()
		tc.set("foo", "bar", DefaultExpiration)
		tc.delete("foo")
		tc.mu.Unlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkRWMutexMapSetDeleteSingleLock(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	m := map[string]string{}
	mu := sync.RWMutex{}
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		mu.Lock()
		m["foo"] = "bar"
		delete(m, "foo")
		mu.Unlock()
	}
}

func BenchmarkDeleteExpiredLoop(b *testing.B) {
	b.StopTimer()
	tc := New(5*time.Minute, 0)
	tc.mu.Lock()
	for i := 0; i < 100000; i++ {
		tc.set(strconv.Itoa(i), "bar", DefaultExpiration)
	}
	tc.mu.Unlock()
	b.StartTimer()
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		tc.DeleteExpired()
	}
}

func TestGetWithExpiration(t *testing.T) {
	tc := New(DefaultExpiration, 0)

	a, expiration, found := tc.GetWithExpiration("a")
	if found || a != nil || !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("Getting A found value that shouldn't exist:", a)
	}

	b, expiration, found := tc.GetWithExpiration("b")
	if found || b != nil || !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("Getting B found value that shouldn't exist:", b)
	}

	c, expiration, found := tc.GetWithExpiration("c")
	if found || c != nil || !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("Getting C found value that shouldn't exist:", c)
	}

	tc.Set("a", 1, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("b", "b", DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("c", 3.5, DefaultExpiration)
	tc.Set("d", 1, NoExpiration)
	tc.Set("e", 1, 50*time.Millisecond)

	x, expiration, found := tc.GetWithExpiration("a")
	if !found {
		t.Error("a was not found while getting a2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for a is nil")
	} else if a2 := x.(int); a2+2 != 3 {
		t.Error("a2 (which should be 1) plus 2 does not equal 3; value:", a2)
	}
	if !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("expiration for a is not a zeroed time")
	}

	x, expiration, found = tc.GetWithExpiration("b")
	if !found {
		t.Error("b was not found while getting b2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for b is nil")
	} else if b2 := x.(string); b2+"B" != "bB" {
		t.Error("b2 (which should be b) plus B does not equal bB; value:", b2)
	}
	if !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("expiration for b is not a zeroed time")
	}

	x, expiration, found = tc.GetWithExpiration("c")
	if !found {
		t.Error("c was not found while getting c2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for c is nil")
	} else if c2 := x.(float64); c2+1.2 != 4.7 {
		t.Error("c2 (which should be 3.5) plus 1.2 does not equal 4.7; value:", c2)
	}
	if !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("expiration for c is not a zeroed time")
	}

	x, expiration, found = tc.GetWithExpiration("d")
	if !found {
		t.Error("d was not found while getting d2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for d is nil")
	} else if d2 := x.(int); d2+2 != 3 {
		t.Error("d (which should be 1) plus 2 does not equal 3; value:", d2)
	}
	if !expiration.IsZero() {
		t.Error("expiration for d is not a zeroed time")
	}

	x, expiration, found = tc.GetWithExpiration("e")
	if !found {
		t.Error("e was not found while getting e2")
	}
	if x == nil {
		t.Error("x for e is nil")
	} else if e2 := x.(int); e2+2 != 3 {
		t.Error("e (which should be 1) plus 2 does not equal 3; value:", e2)
	}
	if expiration.UnixNano() != tc.items["e"].Expiration {
		t.Error("expiration for e is not the correct time")
	}
	if expiration.UnixNano() < time.Now().UnixNano() {
		t.Error("expiration for e is in the past")
	}
}